An SSL/TLS certificate is a digital document that confirms the identity of a website and enables encrypted data transmission. The "https://" in the address bar indicates that a secure connection exists. Important components: The CN (Common Name) specifies which domain the certificate was issued for. The CA (Certificate Authority) is the trusted entity that issued the certificate (e.g. Let's Encrypt, DigiCert). SAN entries (Subject Alternative Names) list all domains for which the certificate is valid.